The Contingency Approach of Digitalization and Entrepreneurial Orientation on Smes Performance in Metal and Machinery Industry
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2020.09.266Keywords:
Entrepreneurial Orientation, Digitalization, Foreign Markets, SMEs Performance.Abstract
The ability to enter the global market has become a competitive necessity for many firms and one important for survival and growth in the era of globalization. At the same time, digitalization is transforming the locus of entrepreneurial opportunities and entrepreneurial practices, thus offering new perspectives on internationalization. When entering the global market, SMEs will require innovativeness capability, proactiveness, and risk-taking. However, there is a gap in the literature exploring the interplay of digitalization and entrepreneurial orientation in the internationalization process. The objective of the present study aims at developing insights that explain how SMEs in Slawi district in the metal and machinery industry can use the tactics and strategies associated with EO to achieve superior performance in the digitalization age. Results from a survey in 63 SMEs show that: 1) SMEs that display high levels of EO report a higher level of performance, 2) SMEs that display high levels of digitalization report a higher level of EO, 3) the relationship between EO and performance is moderated by digitalization and 4) the relationship between digitalization and performance is moderated by EO. These results indicate that for those firms, innovativeness capability, risk-taking, and proactiveness are crucial to their success in foreign markets. Instead, SMEs should develop a clear vision of digitalization that is characterized by innovation, being ahead of the competition, and a willingness to take risks.
References
Abor, J., & Quartey. A. (2010). Issues in SME Development in Ghana and South Africa. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 39(6), 215-228.
Acker, O., Gröne, F., Lefort, T., & Kropiunigg, L. (2015). The impact of digitization and the Internet on the creative industries in Europe. PwC.
Ahmad, I., & Ahmad, S. (2018). Multiple Skills and Medium Enterprises’ Performance in Punjab Pakistan: A Pilot Study. Journal of Social Sciences Research, 7(4), 44-49.
Ahmad, I., & Ahmad, S. (2019). The Mediation Effect of Strategic Planning on The Relationship Between Business Skills and Firm’s Performance: Evidence from Medium Enterprises in Punjab, Pakistan. Opcion, 35(24), 746-778.
Ahmad, I., Sahar. (2019). Waste Management Analysis From Economic Environment Sustainability Perspective. International Journal Of Scientific & Technology Research 8(12), 1540-1543.
Al-Dhaafri, H.S., Al-Swidi, A.K. and Yusoff, R.Z.B. (2016) The Mediating Role of Total Quality Management between the Entrepreneurial Orientation and the Organizational Performance. The TQM Journal, 28, 89-111. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-03-2014-0033
Alekseev, A. N., Lobova, S. V., Bogoviz, A. V., & Ragulina, Y. V. (2019). Digitalization of the Russian Energy Sector: State-of-the-art and Potential for Future Research. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 9(5), 274-280. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7673
Altinay, Levent and Wang, Chaterine L.(2011),” The influence of an entrepreneur's socio-cultural characteristics on the entrepreneurial orientation of small firms”, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 18(4):673-694 • October 2011. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626001111179749
Andersén, J. (2012). A resource-based taxonomy of manufacturing MSMEs. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 18(1), 98–122. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551211201394
Armbrust, M., Fox, A., Griffith, R., Joseph, A. D., Katz, R., Konwinski, A., … others. (2010). A view of cloud computing. Communications of the ACM, 53(4), 50–58. https://doi.org/10.1145/1721654.1721672
Arntz, M., Gregory, T., & Zierahn, U. (2016). The Risk of Automation for Jobs in OECD Countries: A Comparative Analysis. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, (189). Retrieved from https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/the-risk-of-automation-for-jobs-in-oecd-countries_5jlz9h56dvq7-en
Autio, Erkko. (2017). Strategic Entrepreneurial Internationalization: A Normative Framework. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal 11(3) • August 2017 https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2017.10595abstract
Autor, D. H. (2015). Why are there still so many jobs? The history and future of workplace automation. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(3), 3–30. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.29.3.3
Awwad, M. S., & Ali, H. K. (2012). Emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial orientation: The moderating role of organizational climate and employees' creativity. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 14(1), 115-136 https://doi.org/10.1108/14715201211246869
Barfield, W. (2015). Fundamentals of wearable computers and augmented reality (2nd ed). Oakville: CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b18703
Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
Bauer, Wilhelm & Horváth, Péter (2015), “Industrie 4.0 : volkswirtschaftliches Potential für Deutschland”, Controlling : Zeitschrift für erfolgsorientierte Unternehmenssteuerung. - München : Beck, ISSN 0935-0381, ZDB-ID 649545-X. - Vol. 27.2015, 8/9, p. 515-517 https://doi.org/10.15358/0935-0381-2015-8-9-515
Benlian, A., & Hess, T. (2011). Opportunities and risks of software-as-a-service: Findings from a survey of IT executives. Decision Support Systems, 52(1), 232–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2011.07.007
Bryanjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2011), Race Against The Machine : How the Digital Revolution is Accelerating Innovation, Driving Prductivity, and Irreversibly Transforming Employment and Economy. Digital Frontier Press.
Burke, R. J., & Cooper, C. L. (2006). The new world of work and organizations: Implications for human resource management. Human Resource Management Review, 16(2), 83–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2006.03.013
Cadogan, J. W., Boso, N., Story, V. M., & Adeola, O. (2016). Export strategic orientation – performance relationship : Examination of its enabling and disenabling boundary conditions ☆. Journal of Business Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.04.078
Cannone, G. and Ughetto, E., 2014. Born globals: a cross-country survey on high-tech start-ups. International Business Review, 23(1), pp.272-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2013.05.003
Caseiro, N. and Coelho, A. (2018), “Business intelligence and competitiveness: the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation”, Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, Vol. 28No. 2, pp. 213-226. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-09-2016-0054
Cavusgil, S. T., & Knight, G. (2015). The born global firm: An entrepreneurial and capabilities perspective on early and rapid internationalization. Journal of International Business Studies, 46(1), 3-16. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2014.62
Christensen, C.M.; Bower, J.L. 1996. Customer lower, strategic investment, and the failure of leading firms. Strategic Management Journal, 17, 197–218. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199603)17:3<197::AID-SMJ804>3.0.CO;2-U
Clarke, M., Seng, D., & Whiting, R. H. (2011). Intellectual capital and firm performance in Australia. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 12(4), 505-530. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691931111181706
Conduit, J., Mavondo, F.T. 2001. How critical in internal customer orientation to market orientation? Journal of Business Research, 51, 11–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(99)00044-2
Cong, C., Dempsey, M., & Xie, H. M. (2017). Political skill, entrepreneurial orientation and organizational justice: A study of entrepreneurial enterprise in China. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 23(1), 20-34. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-05-2015-0103
Cook, N. (2008). Enterprise 2.0: How Social Software Will Change the Future of Work. London: Routledge.
Covin, J. G. and D. P. Slevin (1989). "Strategic management in small firms in hostile and benign environments." Strategic Management Journal 10 (1), 75-87. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250100107
Covin, J. G. and D. P. Slevin (1991). "A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behaviour." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 16 (1), 7-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879101600102
Dada, O and Watson, A (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation and franchise system: Organizational antecedent and performance outcomes. European Journal of Marketing, vol.47 no 5/6 pp. 792-793. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090561311306877
De Mauro, A., Greco, M., & Grimaldi, M. (2015). What is big data? A consensual definition and a review of key research topics. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 1644, pp. 97–104). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4907823
Delloite. 2015. UKM Pemicu kemajuan Indonesia : Instrumen pertumbuhan bangsa [Online]. Tersedia pada: http:// www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/id/Documents/finance/id-fas-sme-powering-indonesia-success-report-bahasa-noexp.pdf [31 Agustus 2016]
Dimitratos, P. and Plakoyiannaki, E. (2003) Theoretical foundations of an international entrepreneurial culture. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1(2), pp. 187-215. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023804318244
Djarwanto, dan Subagyo, Pangestu, ((2000), Statistik Induktif, Edisi 4, BPFE, Yogyakarta.
Drath, R., & Horch, A. (2014). Industrie 4.0: Hit or hype?[industry forum]. IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, 8(2), 56–58. https://doi.org/10.1109/MIE.2014.2312079
Drazin, R. and A. H. Van de Ven (1985). "Alternative Forms of Fit in Contingency Theory."Administrative Science Quarterly 30 (4), 514-539. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392695
Eggers, F., Kraus, S., Hughes, M., Laraway, S., dan Snycerski, S. (2013). Implications of customer and entrepreneurial orientations for SME growth. Management Decision, 51(3), 524-546. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741311309643
Falahat, M., Knight, G., & Alon, I. (2018). Orientations and capabilities of born global firms from emerging markets. International Marketing Review, 35(6), 936-957. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-01-2017-0021
Farrelly, F., & Quester, P. 2003. The effects of market orientation on trust and commitmen: the case of the sponsorship business relationship. European journal of marketing, 37 (3/4), 530-553. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560310459078
Felstead, A., & Henseke, G. (2017). Assessing the growth of remote working and its consequences for effort, well-being and work-life balance. New Technology, Work and Employment, 32(3), 195–212. https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12097
Franco, M., & Haase, H. (2013). Firm resources and entrepreneurial orientation as determinants for collaborative entrepreneurship. Management Decision, 51(3), 680-696. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741311309724
Gartner, W. B. (1988). "Who is an Entrepreneur" is the wrong question. American Small Business Journal, 12(4), 11-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225878801200401
Gerritsen, D. F., J. P. C. Rigtering, S. Bouw and S. Vonk (2015). "Travelers' conversion behavior at foreign cash withdrawals: An experimental study." Annals of Tourism Research 50 (1), 162- 165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2014.10.005
Gerschewski, S, Lindsay, VJ and Rose, E. (2016) “Advancing the entrepreneurial orientation construct: the role of passion and perseverance”, Review of International Business and Strategy, 26 (4). pp. 446-471. ISSN 2059-6014. https://doi.org/10.1108/RIBS-08-2016-0042
Gruber-Muecke, T. and Hofer, K.M.(2015),” Market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation and performance in emerging markets”, International Journal of Emerging Markets 10(3):560-571 • July 2015. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJoEM-05-2013-0076
Hagberg, J. (2016). The digitalization of retailing: an exploratory framework. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 44(6), 336–368. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-09-2015-0140
Han, J.K.; Kim, N.W.; Srivastava, R.K. 1998. Market orientation and organizational performance: Is innovation a missing link? Journal of Marketing, 62, 30–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299806200403
Hartsfield, S., Johansen, D., & Knight, G. A. (2008). Entrepreneurial orientation, strategy, and marketing capabilities in the performance of born global firms. International Business: Research Teaching and Practice Journal of the AIB-SE, 2(1), 12–38
Hermann, M., Pentek, T., & Otto, B. (2016). Design principles for industrie 4.0 scenarios. In System Sciences (HICSS), 2016 49th Hawaii International Conference on (pp. 3928–3937). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2016.488
Hills, S.B.; Sarin, S. 2003. From market driven to market driving: An alternate paradigm for marketing in high technology industries. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 11, 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2003.11658498
Hoeven, C. L., & Zoonen, W. (2015). Flexible work designs and employee well-being: examining the effects of resources and demands. New Technology, Work and Employment, 30(3), 237–255. https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12052
Indarti, Nurul; Langenberg, Marja. 2004. Factors affecting business success among SMEs: empirical evidences from Indonesia. Proceedings of the Second Bi-Annual European Summer University, (19) 20 & 21 September 2004, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Jang, H.Y. 2013. Relationships among market orientation, marketing performance and CRM performance: Focused on the modulating effects of customer asset value. Academy Customer Satisfaction Management 15, 1–27.
Javalgi RG., Todd PR .2011. Entrepreneurial Orientation, Management Commitment and Human Capital : The Internalization of SMEs in India. Journal of Business Resesearch, Vol. 64, No.9, pp:1004-1010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.11.024
Jaworski, B.J.; Kohli, A.K. Market orientation: Antecedents and consequences. 1993. Journal of Marketing, 57, 52–70 https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299305700304
Jayachandran, S., K. Hewett and P. Kaufman (2004). "Customer response capability in a sense- andrespond era: the role of customer knowledge process." Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 32 (3), 219-233. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070304263334
Jeong, G.Y., 2017. The effect of entrepreneurial orientation on marketing capability. Korean Corp. Management Review, 24, 75–106. https://doi.org/10.21052/KCMR.2017.24.4.04
John Walker, S. (2014). Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work, and Think. International Journal of Advertising, 33(1), 181–183. https://doi.org/10.2501/IJA-33-1-181-183
Kaganer, E. A., Pawlowski, S. D., & Wiley-Patton, S. (2010). Building legitimacy for IT innovations: the case of computerized physician order entry systems. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 11(1), 1-33. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00219
Kapitonov, I. A., Filosofova, T. G., & Korolev, V. G. (2019). Development of Digital Economy in the Energy Industry-specific Modernization. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 9(4), 273. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.8013
Kim, W.C.; Mauborgne, R. 1997.Value innovation: The strategic logic of high growth. Harv. Bus. Rev.,75, 103–112.
Knight, Gary A. and Cavusgil, S Tamar. March 2004. Innovation, organizational capabilities, and the born-global firm. Journal of International Business Studies, Volume 35, Issue 2, pp 124–141 https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400071
Kohli, A.K.; Jaworski, B.J. 1990. Market orientation: The construct, research propositions, and managerial implications. Journal of Marketing, 54, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299005400201
Kraus, S. (2013). “The role of entrepreneurial orientation in service firms: empirical evidence from Austria”, Service Industry Journal, Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 427-444. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2011.622373
Kreiser, P. M., Marino, L. D., Kuratko, D. F., & Weaver, K. M. (2013). Disaggregating entrepreneurial orientation : the non-linear impact of innovativeness , proactiveness and risk-taking on SME performance. Journal of Small Business and Economics, 40, 273–291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-012-9460-x
Kreiser, Patrik M. and Davis, Justin L.(2010),” Entrepreneurial Orientation and Firm Performance: The Unique Impact of Innovativeness, Proactiveness, and Risk-Taking”, Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship 23(1):39-51. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2010.10593472
Krush, M.T., Sohi, R.S. and Saini, A. (2015) ‘Dispersion of marketing capabilities: impact on marketing’s influence and business unit outcomes’, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp.32–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0420-7
Lam, Tin Yan & Lee, Shu kam (2008), “CEO duality and firm performance: Evidence from Hong Kong”, Corporate Governance International Journal of Business in Society 8(3):299-316 • June 2008. https://doi.org/10.1108/14720700810879187
Larivière, B., Bowen, D., Andreassen, T. W., Kunz, W., Sirianni, N. J., Voss, C., … De Keyser, A. (2017). “Service Encounter 2.0”: An investigation into the roles of technology, employees and customers. Journal of Business Research, 79, 238–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.03.008
Levitt, T. 1980. Marketing success through differentiation of anything. Harvard Business Review, 58, 83–91.
Li, H., & O’Connor, A. (2017). The entrepreneurial influence on winery market performance – a mediation perspective. International Journal of Wine Business Research, 29(2), 210-232 https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWBR-11-2016-0037
Liozu, S. M., & Hinterhuber, A. (2013). Pricing orientation, prLiu, D.-Y., Chen, S.-W., & Chou, T.-C. (2011). Resource fit in digital transformation: Lessons learned from the CBC Bank global e-banking project. Management Decision, 49(10), 1728–1742. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741111183852
Liu, L., Qu, W., & Haman, J. (2018). Product market competition, state-ownership, corporate governance and firm performance. Asian Review of Accounting, 26(1), 62-83. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARA-05-2017-0080
Loebbecke, C., & Picot, A. (2015). Reflections on societal and business model transformation arising from digitization and big data analytics: A research agenda. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 24(3), 149–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2015.08.002
Lumpkin, G. T. and G. G. Dess (1996). "Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance." Academy of Management Review 21 (1), 135-172. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1996.9602161568
Lumpkin, G. T. and G. G. Dess (2001). "Linking two dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation to firm performance: The moderating role of environment and industry life cycle." Journal of Business Venturing 16 (5), 429-451. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(00)00048-3
Magaji, M. S., Baba, R., & Entebang, H. (2017). Entrepreneurial Orientation and Financial Performance of Nigerian SMES : The Moderating Role of Environment . A Review of Literature. Journal of Management and Training for Industries, 4(1), 25–42. https://doi.org/10.12792/JMTI.4.1.25
McAfee, A. (2009). Enterprise 2.0: New collaborative tools for your organization’s toughest challenges. Boston: Harvard Business Press.
McAfee, A., Brynjolfsson, E. (2012). Big data: the management revolution. Harvard Business Review, 90(10), 60–68.
Meyer, Alan D., S. Tsui, Anne and Hinings, C. R. (1993). Configurational Approaches to Organizational Analysis. The Academy of Management JournalVol. 36, No. 6 (Dec., 1993), pp. 1175-1195 https://doi.org/10.2307/256809
Mickiewicz, T., Sauka, A., & Stephan, U. (2016). On the compatibility of benevolence and self- interest: Philanthropy and entrepreneurial orientation. International Small Business Journal, 34, 303–328. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242614555245
Miller, D (2017). “Challenging trends in configuration research: Where are the configurations?”, Strategic Management Journal. Volume: 16 issue: 4, page(s): 453-469 https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127017729315
Miller, D. (1983). "The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms." Management Science 29 (7), 770-791. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.29.7.770
Miller, D. and Toulouse, J.M. (1986), “Strategy, structure, CEO personality and performance in small firms”, American Journal of Small Business, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 47-62 https://doi.org/10.1177/104225878501000305
Miller, D., & Friesen, P. H. (1982). Innovation in conservative and entrepreneurial firms: two models of strategic momentum. Strategic Management Journal, 3, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250030102
Miller, Danny (1996),”Convigurations Revisited”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol.17, pp.505-512. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199607)17:7<505::AID-SMJ852>3.0.CO;2-I
Narver, J.C.; Slater, S.F.; MacLachlan, D.L. 2004. Responsive and proactive market orientation and new product success. Journal of Production Innovation Management, 21, 334–347. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0737-6782.2004.00086.x
Ogunsiji, A. S., & Ladanu, K. W. (2010). Entrepreneurial Orientation as a Panacea for the Ebbing Productivity in Nigerian Small and Medium Enterprises: A Theoretical Perspective. International Business Research, 3(4), 192–199. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v3n4p192
Ong, S. K., & Nee, A. Y. C. (2013). Virtual and Augmented Reality Applications in Manufacturing. London: Springer.
Oxford and SAP, 2013. How successful SMEs are reinventing global business. https://www.oxfordeconomics.com/Media/Default/ Landing%20pages/SAP%20SME/Research/SAP_SME_Executive_Summary.pdf
Øyna, S., & Alon, I. (2018). A Review of Born globals. International Studies of Management & Organization, 48(2), 157-180. https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.2018.1443737
Park, M.S.; Lee, D.J. 2002.The role of integrating mediators between market orientation and performance of hotels. Asia Marketing Journal, 4, 55–78.
Pham, T. S., Monkhouse, L. L., & Barnes, B. R. (2017). The influence of relational capability and marketing capabilities on the export performance of emerging market firms. International Marketing Review, 34(5), 606-628. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-07-2014-0235
Pratono, A. H. (2016). Strategic Orientation and Information Technological Turbulence: Contingency Perspective in SMEs. Business Process Re-Engineering & Management Journal, 22(2), 50–65. https://doi.org/10.1108/14637150210449102
Purnomo, Margo. April 2016. Internasionalisasi sebagai perilaku entrepreneurial usaha kecil dan menengah. Jurnal Aplikasi Bisnis, Vol. 6 No. 2.
Qian, L., Luo, Z., Du, Y., & Guo, L. (2009). Cloud computing: An overview. Cloud Computing, 626–631. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10665-1_63
Ramiller, N. C., & Swanson, E. B. (2003). Organizing visions for information technology and the information systems executive response. Journal of Management Information Systems, 20(1), 13–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2003.11045760
Regeringen. (2016). Smart Industry - A strategy for new industrialisation for Sweden. Retrieved February 23, 2017, from http://www.regeringen.se/49a937/globalassets/ regeringen/dokument/narings departement et/ pdf-i-genvagsblock/smart-industry.pdf
Schlegelmilch, B.B.; Ram, R. 2000. The impact of organizational and environmental variables on strategic market orientation: An empirical investigation. Journal of Global Marketing, 13, 111–127. https://doi.org/10.1300/J042v13n03_06
Schweizer, Roger.2012. The internationalization process of SMEs: A muddling-through process. Journal of Business Research 65(6):745–751 • June 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.12.011
Shan, P., Song, M., & Ju, X. (2015). Entrepreneurial orientation and performance : Is innovation speed a missing link ? Journal of Business Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.08.032
Slamet et al. (2016). “Strategi Pengembangan UKM Digital Dalam Menghadapi Era Pasar Bebas”, Jurnal Manajemen Indonesia. Vol.16 - No.2 APRIL 2016 https://doi.org/10.25124/jmi.v16i2.319
Soininen et al. (2018),” Entrepreneurial orientation in small firms ‐ values-attitudes-behavior approach”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research 19(6) • September 2013 https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-10-2012-0106
Song, L., & Jing, L. (2017). Strategic orientation and performance of new ventures : empirical studies based on entrepreneurial activities in China. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-017-0433-z
Stam, W., & Elfring, T. O. M. (2008). Entrepreneurial Orientation and New Venture Performance : the Moderating Role of Intra- and Extraindustry Social Capital. Academy of Management Journal, 51(1), 97–111. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2008.30744031
Taatila, V., & Down, S. (2012). Measuring entrepreneurial orientation of university students. Education + Training, 54(8/9), 744-760. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400911211274864
Tajeddin et al., (2013). Efficiency and effectiveness of small retailers: The role of customer and entrepreneurial orientation. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 20(5):453–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2013.05.004
Tang, J., Tang, Z., Marino, L. D., Zhang, Y., & Li, Q. (2008). Exploring an Inverted U-Shape Relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance in Chinese Ventures. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32(1), 219–239 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00223.x
ten Brummelhuis, L. L., Bakker, A. B., Hetland, J., & Keulemans, L. (2012). Do new ways of working foster work engagement? Psicothema, 24(1), 113–120.
Tuan, L. T. (2015). Entrepreneurial orientation and competitive intelligence: cultural intelligence as a moderato. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 17(2), 212-228. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRME-07-2015-0038
Vos, J. P., Keizer, J. A., & Halman, J. I. M. (1998). Diagnosing constraints in knowledge of SMEs. Technological forecasting and social change, 58(3), 227-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1625(98)00024-9
Walter, A., Auer, M., & Ritter, T. (2006). The impact of network capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation on university spin-off performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 21, 541–567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.02.005
Wang, Chaterine L. and Altinay, Levent. (2012). Social embeddedness, entrepreneurial orientation and firm growth in ethnic minority small businesses in the UK. International Small Business Journal 30(1):3-23 https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242610366060
Wang, X. V., Wang, L., Mohammed, A., & Givehchi, M. (2015). Ubiquitous manufacturing system based on Cloud: A robotics application. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 45, 116–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2016.01.007
Weerawardena , J. (2003). The role of marketing capability in innovation-based competitive strategy. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 11(1), 15-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254032000096766
Weerawardena, J., Mort, G. S., Liesch, P. W., & Knight, G. (2007). Conceptualizing accelerated internationalization in the born global firm: A dynamic capabilities perspective. Journal of World Business, 42(3), 294-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2007.04.004
Wiklund, J. (1998). Small Firm Growth and Performance: Entrepreneurship and Beyond. Doctoral dissertation. Jönköping: Jönköping International Business School.
Windi Astuti, Murwatingsih (2016). Pengaruh Kemampuan Manajemen dan Karakteristik Usaha Terhadap Kinerja Usaha UKM Olahan Produk Salak di Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Management Analysis Journal:5(2) ISSN 2252-6552
Wong, S. K.-S. (2014). Impacts of environmental turbulence on entrepreneurial orientation and new product success. European Journal of Innovation Management, 17(2), 229-249. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-04-2013-0032
Yang, Y.I. 2013. The relationships of market orientation, marketing/R&D interface, strategic flexibility and performance, and the moderating effect of environmental turbulence in the domestic manufacturing firms: From the perspective of CEO. Journal of Professional Management, 16, 141–167.
Yoon, J., & Solomon, T. (2017). A curvilinear relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance : The moderating role of employees ’ psychological safety. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-017-0448-5
Zahra, SA 2008, ‘Being Entrepreneurial And Market Driven: Implications For Company Performance’, Journal of Strategy and Management, vol. 1, no. 2, p. 125-142. https://doi.org/10.1108/17554250810926339
Zhang, David Di., & Bruning, Edward R., (2011),” Personal characteristics and strategic orientation: Entrepreneurs in Canadian manufacturing companies”, International Journal
of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research 17(1):82-103 • February 2011 https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551111107525
Zhang, M., Sarker, S., & Sarker, S. (2013). Drivers and export performance impacts of IT capability in ‗born global‘firms: a cross national study. Information Systems Journal, 23(5), 419-443. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2575.2012.00404.x
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Policy for Journals/Articles with Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work
Policy for Journals / Manuscript with Paid Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Publisher retain copyright .
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work .
